Causes of packet loss in a network

       

    Packet loss is typically caused by network congestion. When content arrives for a sustained period at a given router or network segment at a rate greater than it is possible to send through, then there is no other option than to drop packets^. If a single router or link is constraining the capacity of the complete travel path or of network travel in general, it is known as a bottleneck.

   Packet loss can be caused by a number of other factors that can corrupt or lose packets in transit, such as radio signals that are too weak due to distance or multi-path fading (in radio transmission), faulty networking hardware, or faulty network drivers. Packets are also intentionally dropped by normal routing routines (such as Dynamic Source Routing in ad hoc networks) and through network dissuasion technique for operational management purposes.

   A packet may be lost due to congestion: too many packets are sent, the queue gets full, and eventually the router or switch starts dropping packets. It may also occur due to different failures; including temporary cabling problems, problems in a switch or router, etc.; these in turn can cause temporary problems with the routing information (a "non-converged network"), causing the packets to travel in loops until the TTL runs out, or a router erroneously concluding that a certain address can't be reached. This latter problem might also be caused by a misconfigured router.

FTP Installation

FileZilla Server Installation

Step 1

     Download Filezilla Server setup file from following.

     URL:- https://filezilla-project.org/

Click the marked(Download FileZilla Server) button

 

Ø Select the following button.

Ø Then save the file. Choose your location.

Step 2 
Download Install FileZilla server

Ø Right click on setup file and choose Run as Administrator. Choose run button then “Yes” on next window.

 

Ø Click the next button.

Ø Click the accept button.

 Ø Again click the accept button.

 

Ø Now you download started.

 

Step 3 
Filezilla server installation

   Ø After finish the downloading click the install now button.

    Ø Installation Started. Click the next button

Ø Choose your location and click the next button.

    Ø Click the next button.

Ø Click the install button.

   Ø If view following installation completion window click the close button.

   Step 4 
     Start Filezilla Server

     Ø Click to open filezilla sercver.

    Ø Click  OK on the following window.

  Ø Filezilla server started. Following window click the Edit from menu bar -->Settings button

  Ø On the following window choose the “Admin interface settings” for give the password. Select the “Change admin password” check box and give the password.

Ø Give the password and click the Ok button.

   Step 5 
   Group and User Add

Add Group

    Ø Click the group icon and click the add button for add a new group.

Ø Then give the group name and click the Ok button.

Ø Then choose the folder for FTP. Share folders-- Add --Choose the folder-- OK.

User Add

   Ø Select the user icon from sub menu bar Add--(username)--Select group--OK.

    Step 6 
   Testing

    Ø Go to your browser and type the URL ftp:// [enter your machine’s IP here]

  Ø On the following window give your username and password, then click the OK button.

********** Thank You**********